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A great deal can be learned about the mechanical properties
of the lungs from measurements of forced maximal expiration
and inspiration. Since Hutchinson first developed the
spirometer in 1846, measurements of the so-called dynamic
lung volumes and of maximal flow rates have been used in the
detection and quantification of diseases affecting the
respiratory system. Over the years it has become obvious
that the spirometer and peak flow meter used to measure
ventilatory function are as deserving of a place in the
family practitioner's surgery as the sphygmomanometer. After
all, who would dream of managing hypertension without
measurement of blood pressure? It is important to appreciate that the clinical value of spirometric measurements is critically dependent on the correct operation and accuracy of the spirometer, performance of the correct breathing manoeuvre and use of relevant predicted normal values. Staff performing spirometry should first attend a comprehensive training course. This is important because inadequate training will result in poor quality spirometry that is of little clinical value. This handbook was written as a guide for those involved in the performance and interpretation of spirometry in clinical practice, i.e. medical practitioners and assisting nursing staff, and as an introduction to the topic for scientists and technicians. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review but rather a guide aiming to help improve the knowledge and techniques of those already doing and interpreting spirometry, and to introduce spirometry to those learning how to do it for the first time. The important facts about types of spirometers, how the test is actually performed and interpreted, and some common pitfalls and problems are covered in the main text. Those seeking more detailed information, including case histories, are referred to our other publications:
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