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When we are indoors, we are generally exposed to outdoor pollutants that have entered the building as the result of natural air flow and ventilation systems. We are also exposed to other chemical pollutants that come from the building, furnishings, heaters and its occupants.
These include:
Tobacco smoke
Tobacco smoke is the worst indoor pollutant, especially around young children. It contains a mixture of chemicals that irritate the throat and lungs.
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Australian studies have shown that smoking by either parent – and particularly by the mother – increases the risk of asthma in young children. Children with asthma who are exposed to smoking in the home generally have severe asthma.
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Tobacco smoke may trigger asthma symptoms in adults.
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Formaldehyde
Wood-based panels, furniture, glues, dyes, permanent-press clothes, markers, paints and cigarettes emit formaldehyde gas which has a sharp smell.
Formaldehyde irritates our eyes and airways. Symptoms are temporary and, depending upon the level and lengths of exposure, may range from burning or tingling sensations in eyes, nose and throat to chest tightness and wheezing.
Nitrogen dioxide
The main sources of indoor nitrogen dioxide are unflued gas appliances. High exposure to nitrogen dioxide can worsen asthma symptoms.
Volatile organic compounds
Most synthetic and natural materials release volatile organic compounds. Floor coverings, furniture, cleaning agents, office equipment, and products such as paints, adhesives and sealants are the major sources of these harmful vapours. Volatile organic compounds can cause irritation of the nose, throat and airways.
What you can do
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The following measures may help you to reduce exposure to indoor air pollutants. Where possible:
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avoid tobacco smoke indoors or in enclosed spaces such as cars.
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consider using electricity instead of wood fuel or gas for heating and cooking. Alternatively, use flued appliances to reduce exposure to nitrogen dioxide.
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use natural timber products or wood panels that are certified to emit low levels of formaldehyde.
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use building materials, paint and furniture that are certified to emit low levels of volatile organic compounds.
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leave several windows open for up to six months following construction or renovation to reduce levels of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds within the building.
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Healthy Homes: A guide to indoor air quality in the home for buyers, builders and renovators:
www.nphp.gov.au/enhealth/council/pubs/pdf/healthyhomes.pdf
Content Updated March 2005
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