Time series studies of the effects of ambient air pollution on asthma conducted in Australia
Authors |
City/Years |
Exposures |
Confounders |
Outcome |
Findings |
| Rennick & Jarman 19921 |
Melbourne
1989 |
O3
Particles (nephelometry) |
Not controlled |
Emergency presentations for asthma |
More asthma attendances by children on days with poor visibility |
|
| Goldsmith et al 19962 |
Melbourne
1989-91 |
Particles (nephelometry)
SO2, NO2, O3 |
Meteorological factors
Day of week |
Hospital admissions for asthma |
No relationship between air pollution and asthma admissions by children |
|
| Smith et al 19963 |
Sydney 1994 |
Particles (nephelometry)
PM10 250 μg/m3 |
Meteorological factors |
Emergency present-ations for asthma |
Bushfire smoke not associated with asthma |
|
| Voigt et al 19984 |
Latrobe Valley 1988 |
Particles (nephelometry)
NO2, SO2, O3 |
Season
UV radiation
Day of week
|
Hospital admissions for asthma & COPD |
No relationship between air pollution and asthma admissions |
|
| Morgan et al 19985 |
Sydney
1990-94 |
NO2 mean 1 hr max 29 ppb
O3 mean daily max 25 ppb
Particles (nephelometry) |
Temperature
Dew point temperature
Day of week |
Hospital admissions |
Increase in maximum NO2 concentrations associated with 5.3(95%CI 1.1-5.7)% increase in childhood asthma admissions |
|
| Petroeschevsky et al 20016 |
Brisbane
1987-94 |
Particles (nephelometry)
O3 8 hour mean 1.9 pphm
SO2, NO2 |
Influenza
Day of week
Meteorological factors |
Hospital admissions |
8 hour O3 concentrations related to asthma admissions (RR 1.09, 95%CI 1.04-1.14) |
|
| Denison et al 20017 |
Melbourne
1994-97 |
Particles (nephelometry)
O3, NO2, CO |
Day of week
School term
Influenza
Meteorological factors |
Hospital admissions |
Asthma admissions associated with particles, O3 (warm season), NO2, and CO |
|
| Johnstone et al 20028 |
Darwin
2000 |
PM10 Mean 20.8 (Range 2.0 – 70 μg/m3) |
Influenza
Day of week |
Emergency present-ations for asthma |
Adjusted RR 1.2 (95%CI 1.09-1.34) |
|
|
Asthmatic panel studies of the effects of ambient air pollution conducted in Australia
Authors |
City/Years |
Subjects |
Exposures |
Confounders |
Outcome |
Findings |
|
| Henry et al 19919 |
Lake Munmorah & Nelson Bay 1987 |
99 children with a history of wheeze |
Annual average SO2 LM 2, NB 0.3 μg/m3 Annual average NOx LM 2, NB 0.4 μg/m3 |
|
Symptom Diaries |
Air pollution not related to respiratory symptoms |
|
| Jalaludin et al 2000a10 |
Sydney
1994
|
32 children with a history of wheeze |
PM10 peak 210 μg/m3
O3, NO2
Pollen, Alternaria counts |
Temperature
Humidity
Hours spent outdoors
BHR to histamine |
Peak expiratory flow |
PEF only negatively associated with PM10 in children without BHR |
|
| Jalaludin et al 2000b11 |
Sydney 1994 |
125 children with wheeze ± asthma |
O3, PM10, NO2
Pollen, Alternaria counts
|
Temperature
Humidity |
Peak expiratory flow |
Significant negative association between mean daytime O3 and daily PEF deviation |
|
|
References
| 1 |
Rennick GJ, Jarman FC. Are children with asthma affected by smog? Medical Journal of Australia. 1992;156(12):837-41. |
| 2 |
Goldsmith JR, Friger MD, Abramson M. Associations between health and air pollution in time-series analyses. Archives of Environmental Health. 1996;51(5):359-67. |
| 3 |
Smith MA, Jalaludin B, Byles JE, Lim L, Leeder SR. Asthma presentations to emergency departments in western Sydney during the January 1994 bushfires. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1996;25(6):1227-36. |
| 4 |
Voigt T, Bailey M, Abramson M. Air pollution in the Latrobe Valley and its impact upon respiratory morbidity. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 1998;22(5):556-61. |
| 5 |
Morgan G, Corbett S, Wlodarczyk JH. Air pollution and hospital admissions in Sydney, Australia, 1990 to 1994. American Journal of Public Health 1998;88(12):1761-66. |
| 6 |
Petroeschevsky A, Simpson RW, Thalib L, Rutherford S. Associations between outdoor air pollution and hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia. Archives of Environmental Health. 2001;56(1):37-52. |
| 7 |
Denison L, Simpson R, Petroeschevsky A, Thalib L, Williams G. Ambient air pollution and daily hospital admissions in Melbourne 1994-1997. 2001, Environment Protection Authority: Melbourne. pp. 84. |
| 8 |
Johnston FH, Kavanagh AM, Bowman DM, Scott RK. Exposure to bushfire smoke and asthma: An ecological study. Medical Journal of Australia. 2002;176(11):535-8. |
| 9 |
Henry RL, Bridgman HA, Wlodarczyk J, Abramson R, Adler JA, Hensley MJ. Asthma in the vicinity of power stations: II. Outdoor air quality and symptoms. Pediatric Pulmonology. 1991;11(2):134-40. |
| 10 |
Jalaludin B, Smith M, O'Toole B, Leeder S. Acute effects of bushfires on peak expiratory flow rates in children with wheeze: A time series analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2000;24(2):174-7. |
| 11 |
Jalaludin BB, Chey T, O'Toole BI, Smith WT, Capon AG, Leeder SR. Acute effects of low levels of ambient ozone on peak expiratory flow rate in a cohort of Australian children. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2000;29(3):549-57. |
Content Updated March 2005
|
