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Asthma and Wheezing in the First Years of Life

A guide for health professionals

Key messages (Level of evidence III-2)
Wheezing in childhood
Factors associated with wheezing
Predicting whether wheeze is due to asthma
Early life origins of asthma
References
Content created MAR 2005
Content updated MAR 2005

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1 Landau LI. 2002. Definitions and early natural history MJA 177: S38-39.
2 Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Busse WW. 1999. Early life origins of asthma. J Clin Invest 104: 837-43.
3 Mellis CM. 2002. Is asthma prevention possible with dietary manipulation? MJA 177(Suppl): S78-S80.
4 Rusconi F, Galassi C, Corbo GM et al. 1999. Risk factors for early, persistent and late onset wheezing in young children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160: 1617-22.
5 Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM et al. 1995. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. N Engl J Med 332: 133-38.
6 Lowe L, Murray CS, Custovic A, Simpson BM. 2002. Specific airway resistance in 3-year old children: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet 359: 1904-09.
7 Helms PJ & Christie G. 1999. Prospects for preventing asthma. Arch Dis Child 80: 401-03.
8 Keeley DJ & Silverman M. 1999. Are we too ready to diagnose asthma in children? Thorax 54: 625-28.
9 Saga R, Mochizuki H, Tokuyama K et al. 2001. Relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and development of asthma in wheezy infants. Chest 119: 685-90.
10  Sears MR, Greene JM, Willan AR et al. 2003. A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed into adulthood. New Engl J Med 349: 1414-22.
11  von Mutius E. 2002. Childhood experiences take away your breath as a young adult. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165: 1467-68.
12 Martinez FD. 2003. Toward asthma prevention – does all that really matters happen before we learn to read? N Engl J Med 349: 1473-75.
13 McKay KO & Hogg JC. 2002. The contribution of airway structure to early childhood asthma. MJA 177: S45-47.
14 Strachan DP, Butland BK, Anderson HR. 1996. Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness form early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort. BMJ 312: 1195-99.
15 Dezateux C, Stocks J, Dundas I, Fletcher ME. 1999. Impaired airway function and wheezing in infancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159: 403-10.
16 Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Li Y-F et al. 2003. Effects of early onset asthma and in utero exposure to maternal smoking on childhood lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167: 917-25.
17 Kemp AS. 2002. Do allergens play a role in early childhood asthma? MJA 177: S52-54.
18 Tang MLK. 2002. Is prevention of asthma possible? Allergens, infection and animals. MJA 177: S75-77.
19 Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S et al. 2001. Early childhood infectious diseases and the development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study. BMJ 322: 390-95.
20 Johnston SL & Openshaw PJM. 2001. The protective effect of childhood infections. BMJ 322: 376-77.
21 Lemanske RF. 2002. Inflammation in childhood asthma and other wheezing disorders. Pediatrics 109: 368-73.
22  Castro-Rodriguez JA, Holberg CJ, Wright AL et al. 2000. A clinical index to define risk of asthma in young children with recurrent wheezing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162: 1403-06.
23 Clough JB, Keeping KA, Edwards LC. 1999. Can we predict which wheezy infants will continue to wheeze. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160: 1473-80.
24 Klinnert MD, Nelson HS, Price MR et al. 2001. Onset and persistence of childhood asthma: predictors from infancy. Pediatrics 108: E69.
25  Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Matthews S, Hasan Arshad S. 2004. Does environment mediate earlier onset of the persistent childhood asthma phenotype? Pediatrics 113: 345-51.

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